Based on the premise that smallholders often get excluded as markets become more commercial. this paper draws lessons from the Cassava: Adding Value for Africa (C:AVA) Project by exploring the main issues and challenges facing extension service partners in five African countries (Nigeria. Ghana. Tanzania. https://cjvswyhnkpmvq.theisblog.com/35130409/mineralogy-geochemistry-and-fluid-inclusion-studies-of-dagh-dali-zn-pb-au-deposit-northern-takab-northwest-iran